Author Archives: rubberroofing

Best Reasons to Use a Liquid EPDM Rubber for Roofs

Posted on by
2

When it comes to roofing materials, it can be difficult for many people who are not professional roofers to understand all of their options. There are many different types of roofing materials available and figuring out which is best and will provide your property with the most protection is not always cut and dry. However, one of the options that stands above the others is Liquid Rubber. While using Liquid EPDM rubber for roofs is not always the best option for all properties, it does offer some great reasons to consider it.

Lower Your Maintenance and Repair Needs

Maintaining a roof and repairing leaks can be time-consuming and costly. However, with this waterproof sealant, things have gotten somewhat easier. You will not have to worry about replacing shingles or worry about metal items being ripped from the roof in the wind. The maintenance for Liquid Rubber tends to be quite easy.

You simply need to head up to the roof a few times per year to make sure it is clear of debris. The coating will protect it from most problems, so you don’t have to worry about leaks, but you will still want to check for any holes or punctures, just in case something blew onto the roof and caused damage. This type of coating can help to cut down your time for maintenance and repairs.

Fast Installation

One of the other stellar reasons to use this type of roofing is that it goes on extremely fast. In a fraction of the time it would take for other types of roofing materials to be installed you can have the Liquid Rubber installed on your roof. You could hire a professional for the installation, or you might want to take care of it on your own. It will often depend on how large the roof is, how much time you have, and how comfortable you are tackling it on your own. Those who have large areas to cover will likely want to have a crew come in and take care of it.

Another great benefit of Liquid Rubber is that this waterproof sealant will start providing protection from water the minute it goes onto your roof. The EPDM rubber has waterproof qualities, and that means it does not even need to cure fully before it provides you with this protection.

Environmentally Friendly

There are some ways in which this waterproof sealant is friendly to the environment, as well. For starters, it tends to be very long lasting, able to provide protection for your roof for decades. This means you will not have to use other materials to keep repairing your roof, essentially cutting down on the number of resources you are using. In addition, you can choose from different colors. The white rubber will help to reflect light to keep the space below cooler in hot climates. The black rubber coating will absorb the light, and it can make the area below warmer. This could help you to reduce your energy usage and the cost of your energy bills.

Say Goodbye to Seam Problems

One of the areas where there are typically problems with a roof are at the seams where roofing materials come together. Even when they are installed properly, small gaps could allow for water to come through and into the roof. This could damage the property and items below. Fortunately, when you use liquid EPDM rubber for roofs, there will not be any seams. It will cover the roof like a skin, providing you with all the protection you need.

Benefits of Working with a Professional for Your EPDM Rubber Roofing & Repair

Posted on by
Reply

Are you considering getting a new EPDM roof, or are you in need of a repair to the EPDM roof that you already have in place? If so, you might be tempted to apply the EPDM on your own. While it is possible, it often turns out to be more work than many people initially expect. Therefore, you may want to consider working with an experienced professional for your roofing needs. You will find some great benefits when you do.

It Will Be Done Right

As long as you take your time to properly vet the company you choose to handle your roofing needs, you can be sure it is done properly. Check their references, and make sure they have experience when it comes to dealing with EPDM liquid rubber roofing. Those who have worked with EPDM understand how to install and apply it properly, and they can take care of the job quickly in most cases.

Because you can be sure they are doing it right the first time, it means that it will be cost effective. One of the problems with trying to install the roofing materials on your own, if you have never done it before, is that you might not even know if you’ve made a mistake until you have a leak. You will not have to worry about this with the professionals, and they will have a warranty available in most cases. The warranty, and the professional job that they do, will provide you with peace of mind when it comes to your roof.

It Will Be Completed Faster

While an EPDM roof tends to be easy to install in a short amount of time, depending on the size of the building, it can still take a novice quite a while. Those who want to have their roof protected or repaired quickly will certainly want to hire a professional to take care of it for them. Not only will it be completed faster, but you will have the time to spend working on things other than the roof.

EPDM Rubber Roofing

EPDM Rubber Roofing

It’s Safer for You

When you have the roofing pros come to take care of the roof, you can be sure they will have all of the right equipment, including safety equipment and protocols. This is far safer than trying to do it on your own without the right safety equipment. When you repair the roof on your own, you would have to invest in safety equipment, which would also add to the cost.

Can You Do It On Your Own If You Want?

One of the nice things about EPDM membranes and coatings is the fact that you do not have to rely on a professional in many cases if you don’t want to. Those who have the time and who are willing to learn how to do it on their own can certainly take care of simple repairs, and even roofing. The liquid EPDM tends to be the easiest to apply for DIYers, though, as it goes on like paint. Consider the type of EPDM you will be using, along with the size of your job, and the time you have available when you are making your decision.

Now that you have a better idea of just what benefits a pro can provide you, it’s time to make the choice. Are you going to apply the EPDM on your own, or are you going to work with a professional? Both are viable options you could choose, but one will be much easier than the other.

Understanding Liquid Rubber Coatings: A Look at the Advantages and Application Uses

Posted on by
Reply

The roof of a building or home is one of the most critical components. It is just as important as the foundation and the load-bearing walls. In fact, without the roof, the walls might rot away quickly, and even the foundation would be damaged by exposure to the elements. Due to exposure to UV rays, rain, sleet, snow, and temperature fluctuations, roofs can be damaged in a wide range of ways. Liquid rubber coatings can be used to repair that damage, and for many other things.

What Are Liquid Rubber Coatings?

Liquid rubber coatings are exactly what they sound like – coatings developed with a type of rubber. There are many types on the market today. For instance, you’ll find coatings made with silicone. Others are made with urethane. Some are made with the addition of acrylic. Yet other formulations might use neoprene, while others may use butyl rubber.

Liquid Rubber Roofing

However, one of the most versatile, high-performing, and durable options is made with what’s called ethylene propylene diene monomer, otherwise known as EPDM. This material is very durable, is highly resistant to UV rays, can be applied in any temperature situation, and offers a number of other advantages that make it ideal for roofing and roof repairs.

The Advantages of Liquid Rubber Coatings

As hinted at above, there are plenty of advantages associated with liquid rubber coatings, particularly with EPDM roofing material. One of those is that they are stable at all temperatures. Very high temperatures can soften some roofing materials, allowing them to sag and creating gaps in the protection offered. Very cold temperatures can make some roofing materials brittle and more prone to breakage. EPDM liquid rubber coatings, on the other hand, are stable at all temperatures and perform well throughout the year.

Another interesting advantage of liquid rubber coatings is the fact that they can be used to repair roofs even if there is a shift in the rooftop. If left unprotected, these can become gaps that allow water to penetrate beneath to the roofing substrate. The flexibility of rubber coatings allows them to flex, yet remain strong enough to protect against leaks.

Rubber roof coatings are also good for areas where traction might be needed, whether for workers, or in the case of any rooftop installation that requires regular maintenance or service – around HVAC systems, around green roof sections, and the like.

Finally, you’ll find that this material is completely impermeable. That means water cannot penetrate, even if it ponds up and remains for some time. It also means that oil and other chemicals cannot penetrate the coating.

Potential Uses for Liquid Rubber Coatings

Liquid rubber roof coatings have any number of potential uses. They can be used to repair damage to conventional roofing systems, or they can be used to refresh existing rubber roof systems. They can be used with the creation of new green roof garden areas, or to add soundproofing to a particular area. They make excellent solutions for creating semi-permanent walkways for workers who must access the roof regularly, and more. They can even be used to create an entirely new roof by covering up the existing roofing system.

How Are Liquid Rubber Coatings Applied?

There are two primary application methods used with these coatings. One is to pour an amount on the roof, spread it around with a squeegee, and then roll it on. The other is to use a sprayer to spray the material on. Spraying is faster, but rolling is more accurate. Spraying is a better fit for flat roofs, while rolling might be the best choice for pitched roofs.

Liquid rubber is a versatile material that offers immense benefits for both commercial and residential applications.

4 Reasons to Install a Liquid Rubber Roof

Posted on by
Reply

Whether you’re in the middle of planning a new home, in the process of construction, or are planning a re-roofing for an existing building, you need to make smart, savvy decisions when it comes to the materials you use. You might assume that metal, clay, slate, tar and gravel, bitumen, or even asphalt shingles are the best option for your home.

While they can all offer some advantages, none of them is really “best”. In fact, that term might be more reasonably applied to another option – a liquid rubber roof. Why should you consider going the rubber roof route, rather than something a bit more traditional? Here are four important reasons to consider this option.

1. Long Lasting

One reason to consider going the liquid rubber roof route rather than something more traditional is that it is much longer lasting. Flat roof types, such as built up bitumen and tar and gravel, generally only last about 10 to 15 years. Asphalt shingles generally have a lifespan of about 25 years, which means you may have to have it replaced at least once during your ownership. Rubber roofs can last 50 years or longer when properly installed and properly maintained.

2. Less Maintenance

All roofs require some degree of maintenance. Even metal roofs, which can last up to 50 years, need to be resealed from time to time to prevent corrosion and other damage. Rubber roofs need less maintenance than other options. While an annual inspection should be conducted to check for physical damage, little other maintenance must be done.

3. No Seams

Perhaps the single most problematic issue with any roofing system is the presence of seams. These are the weakest point on the roof – they can deteriorate and allow water to seep in. They can be damaged by wind during storms, and more. All roof systems have seams, or seam-like sections. For example, there is a seam between each individual sheet of metal in a metal roofing system. Technically, there is a seam between each row of shingles in a traditional asphalt shingle roofing system, too.

A liquid rubber roof, on the other hand, has no seams at all. Whether the rubber is rolled on or it is sprayed on, it will self-level and erase any tiny gaps. The result is a seamless whole membrane that offers outstanding protection and is very weather resistant. That means less chance of damage from storms, and a dramatic reduction in the chances of developing a water leak.

4. Faster Installation

Finally, there is the fact that liquid rubber roof material is faster to install than any other system on the market. It can take several days to install a metal roof. It can take a week or so to install a traditional asphalt shingle roof. Bitumen and tar and gravel roofs have similar timelines.

A liquid rubber roof, on the other hand, can take just a few hours. This is because all that needs to be done to adhere the roofing material is to apply it to a properly prepared substrate. It will immediately adhere and begin the curing process. The process is even faster if the liquid rubber is sprayed on rather than rolled on, but spraying is usually best suited to flat roofs.

By now it should be clear that not only is a liquid rubber roof an option for your home, but it may just be the fastest, most economical, and longest lasting roofing solution available to you. With that being said, professional installation is vital to ensuring the highest quality roof for your home.

What Are Elastomeric Roof Coatings?

Posted on by
Reply

If you have a roof, you need to make sure that it has proper protection or you’ll soon be paying for repairs of some sort. With elastomeric roof coatings, you’ll get amazing protection and much more.

The Basics

To begin with, let’s cover the basic definition to help you better understand elastomeric roof coatings.

This material offers an effective and affordable way to fix leaks in your roof. Elastomeric roof coatings can be leveraged to repair any type of leak, too. Whether you have a tiny one letting in water drop by drop or there’s been serious structural damage that is a major threat to your building, this material is a fantastic option.

It’s also great for coating your roof to protect it against damage before it ever happens.

Usually, this material is made with polymeric products. This explains why elastomeric roof coatings have so much stretch to them.

How Elastomeric Roof Coatings Are Used

As we’ve already touched on now, this material is very popular for repairing roofs and/or coating them so they aren’t damaged in the first place. They typically work best with the following types of roofs:

  • Built-up roofing
  • Concrete
  • Metal roofs
  • Modified bitumen
  • Polyurethane foam
  • Single-ply roofing
  • Wood

This isn’t a comprehensive list, though. If you don’t see the type of roof you have on this list, it might still be an option. Just check beforehand to make sure.

A Long-Lasting Roofing Solution

Your roof takes a lot of abuse over the years. That’s why you need such a dependable coating for it. Elastomeric coatings are fantastic for this as they are resistant to mildew and fungi, two issues that can quickly ruin your roof.

An Aesthetically Pleasing Coating

Another big advantage of using elastomeric materials for your roof is that the final result will be perfectly seamless. While it’s important you know how to install it properly, the uniform look you’ll get is going to look incredible.

Obviously, this also helps to ensure that there is no way debris, water or other elements could get through this coating and damage your roof below it.

Protection from the Sun

The sun can do serious damage to your roof. Aside from the fact that it will discolor it and peel its paint over enough time, there’s also the fact that the sun can actually heat the building beneath it.

When that happens, your building will actually become warmer. In turn, you’ll need to pay considerable amounts for air conditioning to keep everyone inside comfortable.

UV light bounces right off this coating, though, meaning your building’s aesthetics remain the same and your utility bill doesn’t take a beating.

VOC Compliant and Nontoxic

Finally, the chemicals used to provide this amazing coating to your roof don’t have to worry you because of fears they might be dangerous. This coating is completely VOC compliant and nontoxic, so there’s no need for concern.

Given its price and the amazing benefits it has, elastomeric coatings for your roof are an easy choice to make for protecting your building.

Common Questions Regarding Liquid Rubber Coatings

Posted on by
2

Today, many people are choosing to use Liquid Rubber coatings for their roofs that are flat or that have low slopes. They learn about the benefits that the product can offer, and they want to have that protection for their own roof. However, they will still often have quite a few questions regarding the product. The following are some of the questions that many people tend to have with Liquid Rubber coatings.

How Is It Different from the Membrane Version of EPDM?

When it comes to EPDM, there are a couple of options. You could choose the membranes, or you could choose the Liquid Rubber coatings. The materials are essentially the same, but there are some important differences. With the liquid, you will not have to worry about seams, as you would with the membrane sheets. In addition, you will not have to worry about the liquid roof eventually becoming chalky, as it will with the sheets after about eight years or so.

Where Can EPDM Rubber Coatings Be Applied?

You will find that these coatings can be applied in many different locations and on many types of materials. They can be used on metal, rubber membranes, concrete, urethane foam, fiberglass, primed wood, acrylic sheets, foam insulation for popes, and much more. Because it can be used in so many locations, it means that you should not have any trouble putting this on your roof.

How Long Before the Coating Is Waterproof?

With many types of roofing, you need to wait until you have about a week of sunny weather that you can count on before you can apply it. With the Liquid Rubber coating, you will not have this worry. It will become waterproof and protect your roof from the moment that it is applied. Even if it rains just a few hours after installation, your roof will have protection from the water. Of course, it is still going to take several days of dry weather that’s at least 55 degrees F to cure properly.

Do I Need a Professional for the Installation?

When people think of adding a coating to their roof, they immediately think that they are going to need to hire contractors to take care of the job. With this type of coating, that is not the case, though, which is a wonderful benefit. You will find that when you follow the manufacturer’s instructions, it is simple enough that you can apply it on your own. It goes on like paint, and you can use it around pipes, vents, and other areas since it is so flexible and easy to use.

If you have a large roof or you do not want to apply the Liquid Rubber coating on your own, you could always hire someone if you prefer.

How Many Coats Are Needed?

One of the other nice benefits of this type of coating is that you are typically only going to need a single coat. In addition, you do not have to worry about adding a primer for most surfaces, and you will not have to add a top coat. This makes it a fast, efficient, and effective type or roof coating.

Why Are There Two Different Colors Available?

You might have noticed that there are two colors available for the product, black and white. Choosing the color is not about a matter of esthetics, but rather a way to help control the temperatures inside of the building. The black will absorb sunlight and tends to be a good option for those who live in colder areas where it snows. The white reflects the light and is better for those who live in hot areas. It can make it easier to reduce your energy costs during certain times of the year.

Now that you know more about the Liquid Rubber coatings, it is time that you added it to your own roof.

Top Benefits of Using Liquid Rubber Roofing

Posted on by
Reply

Liquid Rubber roofing is a fantastic option for many different types of buildings, including commercial buildings that have large flat roofs. This product will create a seamless membrane on the roof, which can provide you with a range of benefits. Let’s get a closer look at the biggest benefits that this type of roofing can offer to give you a better idea of why it might just be the ideal solution for your roof.

Easy Application

When it comes to many types of roofing materials, you are not going to be capable of installing or applying them on your own. You will not have the experience, knowledge, or tools to take care of it. However, with Liquid Rubber roofing, this is not going to be a problem at all. It is a DIY product, and you should not have any trouble when it comes to applying it on your own. Even with a large roof, you should be able to apply the roofing membrane quickly and easily, just like putting on a coat of paint. In fact, it is only going to need a single coat.

Heat and Cooling Benefits

One of the great benefits of using this type of roofing is the advantage that it can give you when it comes to your heating or cooling costs. The product is available in two colors – black and white. People who live in a climate where it gets cold and snows in the winter might want to choose the black Liquid Rubber roofing. This is going to absorb the heat from the sun, which will make the roof warmer, and keep the interior of the building warmer. This means you could lower your cost of heating the building.

Of course, when you use the white in a warm climate the opposite holds true. The white is going to reflect the sunlight, which will help to keep the building cooler, thus helping to reduce the AC costs.

Waterproofing for the Roof

Of course, one of the biggest benefits of having Liquid Rubber roofing is to provide your building with protection from water. This type of coating can help with rain and with ponding water that might accumulate on the roof. If you notice that you have any damage to the roof before you apply the coating, you might want to have it repaired before you add the coating.

Reduce Rust

When you are using Liquid Rubber roofing, you will find that the coating can be used with many different types of material. It can be added on top of asphalt, concrete, and metal. Having it cover the metal parts on the roof can provide them with some added protection, as well, and you will not have to worry about them rusting.

Durable

The coating is highly durable, and it will provide your roof with solid, quality protection for many years. In fact, it has been proven to work for more than 30 years. However, even though it is highly durable, you are still going to want to make sure that you inspect the roof occasionally to make sure that there are no issues.

Cost Effective

This is an affordable choice for those who want to repair their roofs and provide protection from further leaks in the future. It can increase the lifespan of the roof, and you do not even need to hire someone to apply it for you.

These are some of the top benefits of Liquid Rubber roofing. Now that you can see all of these benefits and how they could help you, it is easy to understand why so many people have chosen to go this route. It could be the best solution for your roofing needs, too.

7 Key Properties of Elastomeric Roof Coatings

Posted on by
Reply

Applying an elastomeric roof coating to your building can protect your underlying roof, which is very important for preventing costly future repairs. It can also help you to save on your energy costs, because coatings can reflect the sun’s heat and keep the heat out of your building. There are many options for roof coverings, but elastomeric roof coating is a great choice for many reasons.

Choosing the right coating means you need to be aware of the key features that make these roof coatings so beneficial. That allows you to choose the best quality when you select the coating for your roof.

Elasticity in Elastomeric Roof Coatings

This type of roof coating is ideal for climates where the temperature can change drastically. This is because of the coating’s elasticity, which means how well it moves as the building expands and contracts with the temperature change. Choose a coating that has a high elasticity rating to prevent breakage.

Perm Factor

The perm factor of a roof coating means how well it resists moisture. If the elastomeric roof coating has a lower perm factor, that means it is much more water proof. Choose the lowest perm factor you can find to prevent leaks.

Strength in Elastomeric Roof Coating

Tensile strength is the measurement of how well the coating will hold together over the years. Weather exposure is the key thing that causes coatings to deteriorate, so be sure to ask the manufacturer or installer about the coating’s ability to withstand the elements.

Tear Resistance

Tear resistance is different than tensile strength in that it measures how well the elastomeric roof coating will avoid tearing from foot traffic or other elements. It primarily measures how well the coating can withstand direct forces – such as hail falling on the roof – rather than UV rays and other environmental factors.

Moisture Gain by Weight

This feature of roof coatings measures how well the coating will either repel or absorb water so that it doesn’t come into contact with the surface below. Be sure to choose a coating with a good rating in this area to prevent damage to your building itself.

Peel Adhesion

You want to be sure that your coating will stick to the roof below no matter the conditions. Certain coatings are attached in different ways, so be sure to ask the installer which method is best for the coating you’ve chosen, and how well it will adhere over the years.

Reflectivity in Elastomeric Roof Coatings

Finally, you do want to consider how well the coating will reflect heat and light away from the building. Reflective coatings are usually white, while absorbing coatings are usually black. Be sure to consider this rating carefully, as it can drastically change your utility bills in the future.

When shopping for the roof coating that will best suit your building, be sure to keep these seven characteristics in mind. Choose the best quality that fits into your budget and you’ll have a solid roof for decades to come.

Pros and Cons of a Liquid Rubber Roof

Posted on by
3

If you’ve never heard of liquid rubber roof coating, you aren’t alone. Primarily used for commercial buildings, it’s only been recently that homeowners and small business owners have realized how beneficial this product can be for their properties as well. If you are considering a protective coating for your roof, here are some things to consider about this option:

Pros of a Liquid Rubber Roof

There are many reasons that a liquid rubber coating can be a huge benefit for buildings of all shapes and sizes.

  • Liquid rubber is flexible, waterproof, and UV-resistant, so it resists damage from the three most common elements that damage roof materials. Temperature fluctuations, which usually cause roof materials to crack, are not a problem thanks to rubber’s ability to expand and contract without breaking.
  • Rubber is very long lasting. Because this type of covering is usually laid out in one piece, it has very few seams that can be damaged. These roof materials are designed to last for decades.
  • Repairing a liquid rubber roof is inexpensive and easy. Maintenance is almost nonexistent over the years; at most, you may have to touch up any aesthetic paint that was applied once every decade or so.
  • There are many options to choose from that can help you determine what kind of rubber roof covering you need. From a thin coating of 45mm liquid rubber, to a coating of up to 90mm, the range is extensive, so that you can get the right coverage based on your building’s structure and your needs.
  • Your interior utility bills will be lowered thanks to this material’s natural UV resistance. Sun is reflected away from the roof, which makes the interior of the building cooler.
  • Rubber is a very green choice because it takes less energy to produce a rubber material than it does to produce other common roofing materials. Rubber is also 100% recyclable, so decades into the future when your roof needs a replacement coating, the old coating won’t be tossed into a landfill.
  • Liquid rubber roof coatings are fire resistant, which not only keeps you safer, but can also lead to a reduction in homeowner’s insurance in many cases.

Cons of a Liquid Rubber Roof

The biggest drawback to this type of roof covering is that it’s not the most aesthetically pleasing choice. However, it can be painted with acrylic paint, which not only covers up the black or white liquid rubber with a more attractive color, but also makes the coating last longer. Additionally, some manufacturers have even started to make this coating in strips that resemble shingles more closely, for homeowners with stricter HOA rules, for example.

The best way to ensure that you get a great covering for your roof if you choose liquid rubber is to choose the right roofer. Be sure that you choose a company with experience installing liquid rubber. As the aesthetics of this material improve every year, it won’t be long before there are virtually no drawbacks at all to this type of roof.

EPDM Rubber Coatings vs. Silicone Coatings

Posted on by
Reply

When it comes to choosing the right kind of protective coating for your roof, there are many options. EPDM rubber coatings are one of the most popular options, but you may also come across silicone coatings and wonder, what’s the difference? What makes one better than the other? Or are they the same?

As it turns out, these are related products, but they are not the same. They are both a type of rubber that share a few features, but there are unique things about each that make them better suited to different types of buildings. Here’s what you need to know about each:

EPDM Rubber Coatings Overview

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomers, or EPDM, is a synthetic rubber of very high density, that is able to withstand extreme temperature changes. Its flexibility and strength make it ideal for buildings that are exposed to both high heats and extreme cold. Industrial building owners like it for its affordability and easy maintenance. It is also flame retardant, UV resistant, and very easy to install. EPDM is also recyclable, so you don’t have to worry about the coating ending up in a landfill in a few decades when it’s time for a replacement.

Silicone Coatings Overview

Silicone is a flexible rubber that is also very flame retardant and able to withstand high heat. It can actually withstand slightly higher heat than EPDM, which makes it ideal for engineering and automotive locations. However, it is not quite as strong as EPDM, which means that it could be damaged by extreme weather and environmental concerns more than EPDM might be. However, silicone is also recyclable, and offers plenty of UV resistance as well. Silicone is also less effective against rain because it doesn’t have good acid or alkali resistance.

So What’s the Difference?

For most applications, EPDM rubber coating and silicone coating won’t be much different. Both allow you to protect your roof from environmental factors, both protect your roof from fire, and both are highly flexible in the face of temperature changes. However, if environmental protection is your main concern, EPDM coating is the better choice – it offers more strength against rain, and is less likely to tear in hail or other strong weather.

But silicone is ideal for areas where extremely high temperatures are the biggest concern. For companies that need to do welding or repair work on the roof regularly, a silicone coating may be the better option to protect the roof better. Both options are long-lived and durable for decades, and neither require a ton of maintenance. Whichever option you do choose will last for a long time barring significant environmental concerns.

Which Coating Should You Choose?

As you can see, which type of coating you choose will depend on your requirements for your roof. It’s essential that you consider what your roof will be used for when choosing the coating material. Once you determine the utility of the roof, then you can consider the factors like price, strength, and resistant properties of the coating.